变压器油是天然石油中经过蒸馏、精炼而获得的一种矿物油，是石油中的润滑油馏份经酸碱精制处理得到纯净稳定、粘度小、绝缘性好、冷却性好的液体天然碳氢化合物的混合物。俗称方棚油，浅黄色透明液体，相对密度0.895。凝固点<-45 ℃，比热容约为0.5（卡/克*度）主要由三种烃类组成，主要成分为环烷烃（约占80%），其它的为芳香烃和烷烃。在我国，变压器油有石蜡基油、环烷基油。石蜡基油产于大庆，环烷基油产于新疆克拉玛依。
Transformer oil is a natural mineral oil oil obtained after distillation, refining, oil in lubricating oil distillates by acid-base refining processing a mixture of pure stability, low viscosity, good insulating liquid hydrocarbons, natural cooling of the. Commonly known as square shed oil, light yellow transparent liquid, relative density of 0.895. The freezing point is <-45 DEG C, and the specific heat capacity is about 0.5 (kcal / g *), which is mainly composed of three hydrocarbons, mainly composed of naphthenic hydrocarbons (about 80%), and others are aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes. In our country, transformer oil has paraffin base oil and naphthenic base oil. Paraffinic base oil produced in Daqing and naphthenic based oil; produced in Xinjiang, Karamay.
良好的变压器油应该是清洁而透明的液体，不得有沉淀物、机械杂质悬浮物及棉絮状物质。如果其受污染和氧化，并产生树脂和沉淀物，变压器油油质就会劣化，颜色会逐渐变为浅红色，直至变为深褐色的液体。当变压器有故障时，也会使油的颜色发生改变一般情况下，变压器油呈浅褐色时就不宜再用了。另外，变压器油可表现为浑浊乳状、油色发黑、发暗。
Good transformer oil should be clean and transparent liquid, no mechanical impurities precipitate and suspended solids and cotton wool material. If it is contaminated and oxidized and produces resin and sediment, the oil in the transformer oil will deteriorate and the color will gradually change to pale red until it becomes dark brown liquid. When the transformer is faulty, it will also change the color of the oil, under normal circumstances, the transformer oil is light brown, it should not be used again. In addition, transformer oil showed turbid emulsion, color black, dark.
变压器油浑浊乳状，表明油中含有水分。油色发暗，表明变压器油绝缘老化。油色发黑，甚至有焦臭味，表明变压器内部有故障。
The transformer oil is milky and milky, indicating that the oil contains moisture. Color dark, show that the transformer oil insulation aging. The color black, even burnt smell, that the transformer internal fault.
一般油浸式变压器的绝缘多采用A级绝缘材料，其耐油温度为105℃。在国标中规定变压器使用条件高气温为40℃，因此绕组的温升限值为105-40=65(℃)。非强油循环冷却，顶层油温与绕组油温约差10℃，故顶层油温升为65-10=55(℃)，顶层油温度为55+40=95(℃)。强油循环顶层油温升一般不超过40℃。
The insulation of general oil immersed transformer is mostly grade a insulating material, and its oil resistance temperature is 105 degrees centigrade. Specified in GB transformer operating conditions maximum temperature of 40 degrees, so the temperature rise value of the winding is 105-40=65 (C). Non oil circulation cooling, the top oil temperature and winding temperature about 10 DEG C, so the oil temperature is 65-10=55 (c), the top oil temperature is 55+40=95 (C). Oil temperature at the top of the strong oil circulation is generally not more than 40 degrees centigrade.
