1、 变压器油变质。
1. Transformer oil deteriorated.
变压器油的物理和化学性能发生变化，会使其电气性能变坏。通过测试变压器油的酸值、界面张力、油泥析出、水溶性酸值等项目，可判断是否属于该类缺陷，然后对变压器油进行再生处理，可能油变质的产物。
If the physical and chemical properties of transformer oil change, its electrical performance will deteriorate. By testing the acid value, interfacial tension, sludge precipitation, water-soluble acid value and other items of transformer oil, we can judge whether it belongs to this kind of defect, and then regenerate the transformer oil to eliminate the products of oil deterioration.
2、变压器油进水受潮，由于水是强极性物质，在电场的作用下易电离分解，而增加了变压器油的电导电流。
2. Because the water is a strong polar substance, it is easy to ionize and decompose under the action of electric field, which increases the conductance current of transformer oil.
因此，微量的水分可使变压器油介质损耗显著增加。通过测试变压器油的微水，判断是否属于该类缺陷。对变压器油进行压力式真空滤油，一般能水分。
Therefore, a small amount of moisture can significantly increase the dielectric loss of transformer oil. By testing the micro water of transformer oil, we can judge whether it belongs to this kind of defect. The pressure type vacuum oil filtering for transformer oil can generally eliminate moisture.
3、变压器油感染微生物细菌。
3. Transformer oil is infected with microorganisms.
由于微生物及其排泄物中的矿物质、蛋白质的变压器性能远远低于变压器油，从而使得变压器油介损升高。这种缺陷采用现场循环处理的方法很难处理好，因为无论如何处理，始终有一部分微生物残留在变压器固体上。
Due to the fact that the transformer performance of minerals and proteins in microorganisms and their excreta is far lower than that of transformer oil, the dielectric loss of transformer oil increases. It is difficult to deal with this kind of defect by on-site circulating treatment, because no matter how to deal with it, there are always some microorganisms left on the transformer solid.
4、 含有极性物质的醇酸树脂变压器漆溶解在油中。
4. Alkyd resin transformer paint containing polar substance is dissolved in oil.
在电场的作用下，极性物质会发生偶极松弛极化，在交流极化过程中要消耗能量，所以使油的介质损耗上升。虽然变压器漆在出厂前经过固化处理，但仍可能存在处理不彻底的情况。主变压器运行一段时间后，处理不彻底的变压器漆逐渐溶解在油中，使之变压器性能逐渐下降。该类缺陷发生的时间与变压器漆处理的彻底程度有关，通过一两次吸附处理可取得一定的效果。
Under the action of electric field, the polar material will have dipole relaxation polarization, which will consume energy in the process of AC polarization, so the dielectric loss of oil will rise. Although the transformer paint is cured before leaving the factory, it may not be treated thoroughly. After the main transformer runs for a period of time, the incomplete transformer paint is gradually dissolved in the oil, which makes the transformer performance gradually decline. The occurrence time of such defects is related to the thorough degree of transformer paint treatment, and a certain effect can be achieved through one or two adsorption treatment.
5、变压器油中只混有水分和杂质。
5. Only water and impurities are mixed in transformer oil.
这种污染情况并不改变油的基本性质。对于水分可用干燥的办法加以排除，对于杂质可用过滤的办法加以，变压器绝缘油中的空气可通过抽真空的办法加以排除。
This contamination does not change the basic properties of the oil. Moisture can be removed by drying, impurities can be removed by filtering, and air in transformer insulating oil can be removed by vacuum.
6、两种及两种以上不同来源的变压器油混合使用。
6. Two or more transformer oils from different sources are mixed.
变压器油的性质应符合相关规定，油的比重相同、凝固温度相同、粘度相同、闪点相近，且混合后变压器油的安定度也符合要求。
The properties of transformer oil should meet the relevant regulations. The proportion of oil is the same, the solidification temperature is the same, the viscosity is the same, the flash point is similar, and the stability of the mixed transformer oil also meets the requirements.
对于混油后劣化的变压器油，由于油质已变，产生了酸性物质和油泥，需用油再生的化学方法将劣化产物分离出来，才能恢复其性质。
For the transformer oil deteriorated after mixed oil, because the oil quality has changed, acid substances and sludge have been produced. The chemical method of oil regeneration is needed to separate the deteriorated products to restore their properties.
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