变压器油是清洁而透明的液体，不得有沉淀物、机械杂质悬浮物及棉絮状物质。如果其受污染和氧化，并产生树脂和沉淀物，变压器油油质就会劣化，颜色会逐渐变为浅红色，直至变为深褐色的液体。当变压器有故障时，也会使油的颜色发生改变一般情况下，变压器油呈浅褐色时就不宜再用了。
Transformer oil is a clean and transparent liquid, free of precipitates, mechanical impurities, suspended solids and cotton flocculent substances. If it is polluted and oxidized, and resin and sediment are produced, the quality of transformer oil will deteriorate, and the color will gradually change to light red until it turns to dark brown liquid. When there is a fault in the transformer, the color of the oil will also change. Generally, when the transformer oil is light brown, it is not suitable to use it again.
另外，变压器油可表现为浑浊乳状、油色发黑、发暗。变压器油浑浊乳状，表明油中含有水分。油色发暗，表明变压器油绝缘老化。油色发黑，甚至有焦臭味，表明变压器内部有故障。
In addition, transformer oil can be shown as turbid emulsion, black and dark. The turbid emulsion of transformer oil indicates that there is moisture in the oil. The darkening of oil indicates that the oil insulation of transformer is aging. The oil turns black and even has a scorching smell, indicating that there is a fault inside the transformer.
一般油浸式变压器的绝缘多采用A级绝缘材料，其耐油温度为105℃。规定正常运行绕组温度为98℃，而平均温度=98-13=85℃，变压器油的温度为95℃，而变压器油的平均温度=95/1.2=80℃。年平均温度20℃，所以绕组对空气允许温升=85-20=65k,油对空气平均温升=80-40=40k，绕组对油的平均温升=65-40=25k。
Generally, the insulation of oil immersed transformer is made of grade a insulation material, and its oil resistance temperature is 105 ℃. It is stipulated that the normal operation winding temperature is 98 ℃, and the average temperature is 98-13 = 85 ℃, the temperature of transformer oil is 95 ℃, and the average temperature of transformer oil is 95 / 1.2 = 80 ℃. The annual average temperature is 20 ℃, so the allowable temperature rise of winding to air is 85-20 = 65K, the average temperature rise of oil to air is 80-40 = 40K, and the average temperature rise of winding to oil is 65-40 = 25K.
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